Bluetooth Technology
A few years ago, the telecommunications and computing industries
recognized that a truly low-cost, low-power radio based cable replacement, or wireless
link, was feasible. Such a ubiquitous link would provide the basis for small portable
devices to communicate together in an ad-hoc fashion. A study was performed, and the
technology code named "Bluetooth" began to be defined. The goal was to provide
effortless service for mobile and business users by means of a small, short range
radio-based technology for integration into production line models of a range of different
devices.
The result will be a refined specification for a technology that optimizes the usage model
of all mobile computing and communications devices, delivering:
* voice and data handling
* global usage
* ability to establish ad-hoc connections
* ability to withstand interference from other sources in open band
* very small size to accommodate integration into variety of devices
* negligible power consumption in comparison to devices
* open standard
* very low cost
Technology Characteristics*
Bluetooth will be specifically designed to provide low-cost, robust, efficient, high
capacity, ad hoc voice and data networking with the following characteristics:
* 1Ms/s symbol rate exploits maximum available channel bandwidth
* Fast frequency hopping avoids interference
* Adaptive output power minimizes interference
* Short data packets maximize capacity during interference
* Fast acknowledge allows low coding overhead for links
* CVSD (Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation) voice coding enables operation at high
bit-error rates
* Flexible packet types supports wide application range
* Relaxed link budget supports low-cost single chip integration
* Air interface tailored to minimize current consumption
These features will enable Bluetooth to provide extremely flexible and high data rate
links even in the presence of severe interference. In addition to performing without
sacrificing the performance level achieved when signal conditions are good, as the
interference increases the performance degradation will remain minimal and gradual,
enabling stable links to be maintained.
Basic Technical Information*
* Based upon a small, high performance integrated radio transceiver, each of which is
allocated a unique 48-bit address derived from the IEEE 802 standard.
* Operate in the unrestricted 2.45GHz ISM 'free band', which is available globally
although slight variation of location and width of band apply
* Range set at 10m to optimize for target market of mobile and business user
* Gross data rate 1Mbit/s, with second generation plans to increase to 2 Mbit/s
* One-to-one connections allow maximum data transfer rate of 721 kbits/s (3 voice
channels)
* Uses packet switching protocol based on frequency hop scheme with 1600 hops/s to enable
high performance in noisy radio environments. The entire available frequency spectrum is
used with 79 hops of 1Mhz bandwidth, analogous to the IEEE 802.11 standard
* Low power consumption drawing only 0.3mA in standby mode enables maximum performance
longevity for battery powered devices. During data transfer the maximum current drain is
30mA. However during pauses or at lower data rates the drain will be lower
Technical Specifications*
Receiver
RX sensitivity
-70dBm
IP 3
-16dBm
CP 1 dB
-6dBm
Double-sided IF bandwidth
1.0MHz
C/I co-channel (0.1% BER)
11dB
C/I 1MHz (0.1% BER)
-8dB
C/I Š 2MHz (0.1% BER)
-40dB
C/I AWGN (0.1% BER)
18dB
In-band image rejection
20dB
Transmitter
TX power:
* nominal
0dBm
* optional range
-30 - +20dBm
Modulation index (no ISI)
0.28-0.35
TX carrier offset
<75kHz
Adjacent channel power
(1MHz) -20dBm
Out of band spuriouses
50dB
Power control requirements: optional range
-30 - +20dB
Frequency Sources
Symbol timing accuracy
20ppm
L 500kHz
-89dBc/Hz
L Š 2MHz
-121dBc/Hz
Channel-switching time
220µs
TX/RX turnaround time
220µs
General
Antenna diversity
NA
Operating environment when applicable
IEEE802.11
*Features currently planned are subject to change without notice. Actual features may
vary.
For more information about Bluetooth, visit www.bluetooth.com.